Dr. Ehsan Samei, PhD, is a Professor of Radiology, Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University, where he also serves as the director of Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories and the founding director of the Clinical Imaging Physics Group. His expertise includes x-ray imaging, theoretical imaging models, simulation methods, and experimental techniques in medical image formation, analysis, assessment, display, and perception.  His current research includes methods to develop image quality and dose metrics that are clinically relevant and that can be used for optimum design and utilization of advanced imaging techniques aimed to achieve optimum interpretive, quantitative, and molecular performance. Five areas of recent activities are outlined below.

1. Objective assessment and clinical relevance of image quality
While image quality is a common term in radiology circles, its quantification has proven to be complex, as many factors contribute to the overall degradation of a medical image. Dr. Samei’s research and prior publications have provided a framework for assessing the performance of digital radiography systems, as recently reflected in an international standard on image quality measurements (IEC 62220-1). He is currently pursuing methods to further streamline the assessment methodologies and include other important contributing yet hitherto ignored factors such as scattered radiation. Furthermore, the connection between diagnostic accuracy and the scientific metrics of image quality is not straightforward. Two studies are now in progress to substantiate the relevance of these quantities in radiography (chest and breast) and in computed tomography (pediatric CT). The former investigation, initiated in his laboratory, is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from the DOD. The pediatric CT research initiative, supported by a current industrial grant from GE, aims to investigate strategies to reduce radiation dose in pediatric CT without compromising diagnostic quality.

2. Quantitative imaging
By and large, since its inception, radiology as a discipline has been developed as a qualitative discipline in which physicians “interpret” medical images to gain diagnostic insights. However, current, mostly digital, medical images contain a large amount of information, which if effectively harnessed, can be invaluable in the quantification of the disease, in the assessment of the effectiveness of various therapeutic regimens, and in providing tractability of the medical information toward evidenced-based and patient-specific medicine. The main technical obstacle preventing this potential has been the lack of certainty about the extent to which image data can be analyzed quantitatively in light of various sources of variability (eg, case variability, patient positioning, system variability, etc). However, there is little doubt that the future of radiology is quantitative, and additional research is warranted to lead to that transition.
Dr. Samei has recently initiated a number of research projects aiming to assess the relative magnitude of the sources of variability in diagnostic radiology, and from that to devise approaches by which robust quantitative data can be extracted from medical images. Initial projects have focused on CT and breast tomosynthesis. Additional projects are planned for digital mammography and digital radiography. He is also fostering additional quantitative imaging projects led by other faculty members in RAI Labs. With the preliminary results of these ongoing initiatives, he aims to lead RAI Labs toward a comprehensive program project on quantitative imaging.

3.Molecular imaging
X-ray imaging is now used extensively throughout the world due to its low cost, widespread availability, speed, ease of interpretation, and exquisite representation of anatomy. However, it has to date been limited to structural imaging. But, the underlying processes behind many human diseases occur at the molecular level, suggesting many advantages that the imaging of these molecular and functional processes can provide. In spite of the dominance, cost-effectiveness and maturity of x-ray imaging, almost all molecular imaging investigators have focused their research on non-x-ray based technologies such as MRI, nuclear medicine, and optical imaging techniques.
Dr. Samei has recently initiated a few preliminary studies to assess how conventional x-ray imaging can be extended to provide molecular and functional information. The overall goal of his investigation is to develop x-ray-based molecular and functional imaging methods. While maintaining the key advantages of x-ray imaging, the proposed method will provide functional images that have higher spatial and temporal resolution than what is currently possible through more “conventional” functional imaging methods (eg, Nuclear Medicine and fMRI), and that are inherently co-registered to anatomical information. The method employs nano-particle, “smart,” liposomal contrast agents to reveal specific functional and molecular processes and physiological functions within the human body, initially for the purpose of early detection of cancer and cardiovascular disease, the two leading causes of death world-wide. The pursuit of this project is particularly timely in light of recent developments in the fabrication of stable nano-particle liposomes and the development of antibody labeling methods. The application of functional and molecular imaging to x-ray technology has the potential to profoundly impact global clinical practice by spreading the benefits of functional imaging through a more accessible technology, unleashing the power and the promise of molecular imaging for many.

4. Correlation and stereo imaging for improved early detection of cancer
The early detection of lung cancer has been one of the outstanding challenges in radiographic imaging, the significance of which can be discerned only by considering the fact that lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the US, surpassing breast, prostate, colon, and cervical cancers combined. His prior research has shown that interference of the anatomical structure is the dominant factor in the low detection of early lung cancer in radiographic images. Grounded on this basic understanding, Correlation Imaging (CI) aims to develop a more sensitive image acquisition and processing approach that minimizes this influence, and therefore improves the early detection of lung cancer. The NIH awarded Dr. Samei R21 and R01 grants to study the feasibility of this imaging approach. With that funding, chest correlation and stereo imaging was developed from an initial design into a state-of-the-art prototype imaging system (fully developed and integrated at Duke). The prototype equipment is now being used in a clinical trial to assess the clinical utility of this novel imaging technique. As of now, more than 80 patients have been imaged, and the preliminary findings are very encouraging. Furthermore, Dr. Samei significantly contributed to and served as a key investigator on an R01 grant aimed to develop a cone beam CT imaging system (PI: Martin Tornai, PhD) and tomosynthesis (PI: Joseph Lo, PhD) for breast imaging at Duke. Dr. Samei has an active interest in developing other advanced x-ray imaging techniques for the early detection of cancer including limited angle and inverse geometry CT.

5. Objective assessment and impact of display quality on diagnostic accuracy
The way in which medical image data are displayed has a direct influence on diagnosis. This dependency is task-specific, and for many tasks in medical imaging, including the early detection and classification of cancer, has not been fully substantiated in quantitative terms. For the last few years, Dr. Samei has led a national task force (AAPM TG18), and served on an ACR and an IEC committee to define standard testing methodologies for medical display devices. His research in this area is currently focused on the influence of display characteristics on the diagnostic interpretation of breast cancer and lung cancer, the fine-tuning of new testing methodologies, and on the influence of ambient light in diagnostic accuracy. These studies are funded by the NIH and the display industry.

Chen B, Shorey J, Saunders RS Jr, Richard S, Thompson J, Nolte LW, Samei E. An anthropomorphic breast model for breast imaging simulation and optimization. Acad Radiol. 2011 May;18(5):536-46. Abstract

D'Alessandro B, Madsen M, Samei E, Li X, Wooi-Tan J, Berbaum KS, Schartz K, Caldwell R, Zuckier LS. Synthetic positron emission tomography-computed tomography images for use in perceptual studies. Semin Nucl Med. 2011 Nov;41(6):437-48. Abstract

Kim S, Song H, Samei E, Yin FF, Yoshizumi TT. Computed tomography dose index and dose length product for cone-beam CT: Monte Carlo simulations. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2011;12(2):3395. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Barnhart HX, Gaca AM, Hollingsworth CL, Maxfield CM, Carrico CW, Colsher JG, Frush DP. Lung nodule detection in pediatric chest CT: quantitative relationship between image quality and radiologist performance. Med Phys. 2011 May;38(5):2609-18. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Segars WP, Sturgeon GM, Colsher JG, Frush DP. Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest CT. Radiology. 2011 Jun;259(3):862-74. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Segars WP, Sturgeon GM, Colsher JG, Toncheva G, Yoshizumi TT, Frush DP. Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part I. development and validation of a Monte Carlo program. Med Phys. 2011 Jan;38(1):397-407. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Segars WP, Sturgeon GM, Colsher JG, Toncheva G, Yoshizumi TT, Frush DP. Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part II. Application to patients. Med Phys. 2011 Jan;38(1):408-19. Abstract

Samei E, Majdi-Nasab N, Dobbins JT 3rd, McAdams HP. Biplane Correlation Imaging: A Feasibility Study Based on Phantom and Human Data. J Digit Imaging. 2011 May 27. Abstract

Samei E, Ranger NT, Dobbins JT, Ravin CE. Effective dose efficiency: an application-specific metric of quality and dose for digital radiography. Phys Med Biol. 2011 Aug 21;56(16):5099-118. Abstract

Samei E, Saunders RS. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced breast tomosynthesis: optimization of beam quality for dose and image quality. Phys Med Biol. 2011 Oct 7;56(19):6359-78. Abstract

Wang CL, Chea YW, Boll DT, Samei E, Neville AM, Dale BM, Merkle EM. Effect of gadolinium chelate contrast agents on diffusion weighted MR imaging of the liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney at 3T. Eur J Radiol. 2011 Nov;80(2):e1-7. Abstract

Webb LJ, Samei E, Lo JY, Baker JA, Ghate SV, Kim C, Soo MS, Walsh R. Comparative performance of multiview stereoscopic and mammographic display modalities for breast lesion detection. Med Phys. 2011 Apr;38(4):1972-80. Abstract

Fleck MS, Samei E, Mitroff SR. Generalized "satisfaction of search": adverse influences on dual-target search accuracy. J Exp Psychol Appl. 2010 Mar;16(1):60-71. Abstract

Kim S, Yoo S, Yin FF, Samei E, Yoshizumi T. Kilovoltage cone-beam CT: comparative dose and image quality evaluations in partial and full-angle scan protocols. Med Phys. 2010 Jul;37(7):3648-59. Abstract

Marin D, Nelson RC, Barnhart H, Schindera ST, Ho LM, Jaffe TA, Yoshizumi TT, Youngblood R, Samei E. Detection of pancreatic tumors, image quality, and radiation dose during the pancreatic parenchymal phase: effect of a low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current CT technique--preliminary results. Radiology. 2010 Aug;256(2):450-9. Abstract

Marin D, Nelson RC, Schindera ST, Richard S, Youngblood RS, Yoshizumi TT, Samei E. Low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current multidetector abdominal CT: improved image quality and decreased radiation dose with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm--initial clinical experience. Radiology. 2010 Jan;254(1):145-53. Abstract

Ranger NT, Lo JY, Samei E. A technique optimization protocol and the potential for dose reduction in digital mammography. Med Phys. 2010 Mar;37(3):962-9. Abstract

Richard S, Samei E. Quantitative breast tomosynthesis: from detectability to estimability. Med Phys. 2010 Dec;37(12):6157-65. Abstract

Richard S, Samei E. Quantitative imaging in breast tomosynthesis and CT: comparison of detection and estimation task performance. Med Phys. 2010 Jun;37(6):2627-37. Abstract

Shafer CM, Samei E, Lo JY. The quantitative potential for breast tomosynthesis imaging. Med Phys. 2010 Mar;37(3):1004-16. Abstract

Castella C, Eckstein MP, Abbey CK, Kinkel K, Verdun FR, Saunders RS, Samei E, Bochud FO. Mass detection on mammograms: influence of signal shape uncertainty on human and model observers. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2009 Feb;26(2):425-36. Abstract

Chawla AS, Lo JY, Baker JA, Samei E. Optimized image acquisition for breast tomosynthesis in projection and reconstruction space. Med Phys. 2009 Nov;36(11):4859-69. Abstract

Chawla AS, Saunders RS, Singh S, Lo JY, Samei E. Towards optimized acquisition scheme for multiprojection correlation imaging of breast cancer. Acad Radiol. 2009 Apr;16(4):456-63. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, DeLong DM, Jones RP, Gaca AM, Hollingsworth CL, Maxfield CM, Colsher JG, Frush DP. Pediatric MDCT: towards assessing the diagnostic influence of dose reduction on the detection of small lung nodules. Acad Radiol. 2009 Jul;16(7):872-80. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Delong DM, Jones RP, Gaca AM, Hollingsworth CL, Maxfield CM, Carrico CW, Frush DP. Three-dimensional simulation of lung nodules for paediatric multi-detector array CT. Br J Radiol. 2009 Jan 19. Abstract

Li X, Samei E. Comparison of patient size-based methods for estimating quantum noise in CT images of the lung. Med Phys. 2009 Feb;36(2):541-6. Abstract

Marin D, Nelson RC, Samei E, Paulson EK, Ho LM, Boll DT, DeLong DM, Yoshizumi TT, Schindera ST. Hypervascular liver tumors: low tube voltage, high tube current multidetector CT during late hepatic arterial phase for detection--initial clinical experience. Radiology. 2009 Jun;251(3):771-9. Abstract

Pollard BJ, Samei E, Chawla AS, Baker J, Ghate S, Kim C, Soo MS, Hashimoto N. The influence of increased ambient lighting on mass detection in mammograms. Acad Radiol. 2009 Mar;16(3):299-304. Abstract

Samei E, Ranger NT, MacKenzie A, Honey ID, Dobbins JT 3rd, Ravin CE. Effective DQE (eDQE) and speed of digital radiographic systems: an experimental methodology. Med Phys. 2009 Aug;36(8):3806-17. Abstract

Samei E, Saunders RS, Badea CT, Ghaghada KB, Hedlund LW, Qi Y, Yuan H, Bentley RC, Mukundan S Jr. Micro-CT imaging of breast tumors in rodents using a liposomal, nanoparticle contrast agent. Int J Nanomedicine. 2009;4:277-82. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E, Lo JY, Baker JA. Can compression be reduced for breast tomosynthesis? Monte carlo study on mass and microcalcification conspicuity in tomosynthesis. Radiology. 2009 Jun;251(3):673-82. Abstract

Shepard SJ, Wang J, Flynn M, Gingold E, Goldman L, Krugh K, Leong DL, Mah E, Ogden K, Peck D, Samei E, Wang J, Willis CE. An exposure indicator for digital radiography: AAPM Task Group 116 (executive summary). Med Phys. 2009 Jul;36(7):2898-914. Abstract

Chawla AS, Samei E, Saunders RS, Lo JY, Baker JA. A mathematical model platform for optimizing a multiprojection breast imaging system. Med Phys. 2008 Apr;35(4):1337-45. Abstract

Fetterly KA, Blume HR, Flynn MJ, Samei E. Introduction to grayscale calibration and related aspects of medical imaging grade liquid crystal displays. J Digit Imaging. 2008 Jun;21(2):193-207. Abstract

Li X, Samei E, Segars WP, Sturgeon GM, Colsher JG, Frush DP. Patient-specific dose estimation for pediatric chest CT. Med Phys. 2008 Dec;35(12):5821-8. Abstract

Pollard BJ, Chawla AS, Delong DM, Hashimoto N, Samei E. Object detectability at increased ambient lighting conditions. Med Phys. 2008 Jun;35(6):2204-13. Abstract

Samei E, Ranger NT, Delong DM. A comparative contrast-detail study of five medical displays. Med Phys. 2008 Apr;35(4):1358-64. Abstract

Samei E, Ranger NT, MacKenzie A, Honey ID, Dobbins JT 3rd, Ravin CE. Detector or system? Extending the concept of detective quantum efficiency to characterize the performance of digital radiographic imaging systems. Radiology. 2008 Dec;249(3):926-37. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E. The effect of breast compression on mass conspicuity in digital mammography. Med Phys. 2008 Oct;35(10):4464-73. Abstract

Schindera ST, Nelson RC, Mukundan S Jr, Paulson EK, Jaffe TA, Miller CM, DeLong DM, Kawaji K, Yoshizumi TT, Samei E. Hypervascular liver tumors: low tube voltage, high tube current multi-detector row CT for enhanced detection--phantom study. Radiology. 2008 Jan;246(1):125-32. Abstract

Singh S, Tourassi GD, Baker JA, Samei E, Lo JY. Automated breast mass detection in 3D reconstructed tomosynthesis volumes: a featureless approach. Med Phys. 2008 Aug;35(8):3626-36. Abstract

Williams MB, Raghunathan P, More MJ, Seibert JA, Kwan A, Lo JY, Samei E, Ranger NT, Fajardo LL, McGruder A, McGruder SM, Maidment AD, Yaffe MJ, Bloomquist A, Mawdsley GE. Optimization of exposure parameters in full field digital mammography. Med Phys. 2008 Jun;35(6):2414-23. Abstract

Badea CT, Hedlund LW, De Lin M, Mackel JS, Samei E, Johnson GA. Tomographic digital subtraction angiography for lung perfusion estimation in rodents. Med Phys. 2007 May;34(5):1546-55. Abstract

Chawla AS, Samei E, Saunders R, Abbey C, Delong D. Effect of dose reduction on the detection of mammographic lesions: a mathematical observer model analysis. Med Phys. 2007 Aug;34(8):3385-98. Abstract

Chawla AS, Samei E. Ambient illumination revisited: a new adaptation-based approach for optimizing medical imaging reading environments. Med Phys. 2007 Jan;34(1):81-90. Abstract

Ranger NT, Samei E, Dobbins JT 3rd, Ravin CE. Assessment of detective quantum efficiency: intercomparison of a recently introduced international standard with prior methods. Radiology. 2007 Jun;243(3):785-95. Abstract

Ruschin M, Timberg P, Båth M, Hemdal B, Svahn T, Saunders RS, Samei E, Andersson I, Mattsson S, Chakrabort DP, Tingber A. Dose dependence of mass and microcalcification detection in digital mammography: free response human observer studies. Med Phys. 2007 Feb;34(2):400-7. Abstract

Samei E, Poolla A, Ulissey MJ, Lewin JM. Digital mammography: comparative performance of color LCD and monochrome CRT displays. Acad Radiol. 2007 May;14(5):539-46. Abstract

Samei E, Saunders RS Jr, Baker JA, Delong DM. Digital mammography: effects of reduced radiation dose on diagnostic performance. Radiology. 2007 May;243(2):396-404. Abstract

Samei E, Stebbins SA, Dobbins JT 3rd, McAdams HP, Lo JY. Multiprojection correlation imaging for improved detection of pulmonary nodules. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 May;188(5):1239-45. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Baker JA, Delong DM, Johnson JP, Samei E. Does image quality matter? Impact of resolution and noise on mammographic task performance. Med Phys. 2007 Oct;34(10):3971-81. Abstract

Badano A, Schneider S, Samei E. Visual assessment of angular response in medical liquid crystal displays. J Digit Imaging. 2006 Sep;19(3):240-8. Abstract

Borasia G, Samei E, Bertolini M, Nitrosi A, Tassoni D. Contrast-detail analysis of three flat panel detectors for digital radiography. Med Phys. 2006 Jun;33(6):1707-19. Abstract

Boyce SJ, Samei E. Imaging properties of digital magnification radiography. Med Phys. 2006 Apr;33(4):984-96. Abstract

Dobbins JT 3rd, Samei E, Ranger NT, Chen Y. Intercomparison of methods for image quality characterization. II. Noise power spectrum. Med Phys. 2006 May;33(5):1466-75. Abstract

Hoe CL, Samei E, Frush DP, Delong DM. Simulation of liver lesions for pediatric CT. Radiology. 2006 Feb;238(2):699-705. Abstract

Lin MD, Samei E, Badea CT, Yoshizumi TT, Johnson GA. Optimized radiographic spectra for small animal digital subtraction angiography. Med Phys. 2006 Nov;33(11):4249-57. Abstract

McAdams HP, Samei E, Dobbins J 3rd, Tourassi GD, Ravin CE. Recent advances in chest radiography. Radiology. 2006 Dec;241(3):663-83. Abstract

McKinley RL, Tornai MP, Brzymialkiewicz C, Madhav P, Samei E, Bowsher JE. Analysis of a novel offset cone-beam computed mammotomography system geometry for accomodating various breast sizes. Phys Med. 2006;21 Suppl 1:48-55. Abstract

Samei E, Ranger NT, Dobbins JT 3rd, Chen Y. Intercomparison of methods for image quality characterization. I. Modulation transfer function. Med Phys. 2006 May;33(5):1454-65. Abstract

Samei E, Wright SL. Viewing angle performance of medical liquid crystal displays. Med Phys. 2006 Mar;33(3):645-54. Abstract

Saunders R, Samei E, Baker J, Delong D. Simulation of mammographic lesions. Acad Radiol. 2006 Jul;13(7):860-70. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E. Resolution and noise measurements of five CRT and LCD medical displays. Med Phys. 2006 Feb;33(2):308-19. Abstract

Saunders RS, Samei E, Baker J, Delong D, Soo MS, Walsh R, Pisano E, Kuzmiak CM, Pavic D. Comparison of LCD and CRT displays based on efficacy for digital mammography. Acad Radiol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1317-26. Abstract

Saunders RS, Samei E. Improving mammographic decision accuracy by incorporating observer ratings with interpretation time. Br J Radiol. 2006 Dec;79 Spec. No. 2:S117-22. Abstract

Siegel E, Krupinski E, Samei E, Flynn M, Andriole K, Erickson B, Thomas J, Badano A, Seibert JA, Pisano ED. Digital mammography image quality: image display. J Am Coll Radiol. 2006 Aug;3(8):615-27. Abstract

Ranger NT, Samei E, Dobbins JT 3rd, Ravin CE. Measurement of the detective quantum efficiency in digital detectors consistent with the IEC 62220-1 standard: practical considerations regarding the choice of filter material. Med Phys. 2005 Jul;32(7):2305-11. Abstract

Samei E, Badano A, Chakraborty D, Compton K, Cornelius C, Corrigan K, Flynn MJ, Hemminger B, Hangiandreou N, Johnson J, Moxley-Stevens DM, Pavlicek W, Roehrig H, Rutz L, Shepard J, Uzenoff RA, Wang J, Willis CE, . Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems: executive summary of AAPM TG18 report. Med Phys. 2005 Apr;32(4):1205-25. Abstract

Samei E, Buhr E, Granfors P, Vandenbroucke D, Wang X. Comparison of edge analysis techniques for the determination of the MTF of digital radiographic systems. Phys Med Biol. 2005 Aug 7;50(15):3613-25. Abstract

Samei E, Dobbins JT 3rd, Lo JY, Tornai MP. A framework for optimising the radiographic technique in digital X-ray imaging. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2005;114(1-3):220-9. Abstract

Samei E, Lo JY, Yoshizumi TT, Jesneck JL, Dobbins JT 3rd, Floyd CE Jr, McAdams HP, Ravin CE. Comparative scatter and dose performance of slot-scan and full-field digital chest radiography systems. Radiology. 2005 Jun;235(3):940-9. Abstract

Samei E. AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: technological and psychophysical considerations for digital mammographic displays. Radiographics. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):491-501. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E, Jesneck JL, Lo JY. Physical characterization of a prototype selenium-based full field digital mammography detector. Med Phys. 2005 Feb;32(2):588-99. Abstract

Jung H, Kim HJ, Kang WS, Yoo SK, Fujioka K, Hasegawa M, Samei E. Assessment of flat panel LCD primary class display performance based on AAPM TG 18 acceptance protocol. Med Phys. 2004 Jul;31(7):2155-64. Abstract

McKinley RL, Tornai MP, Samei E, Bradshaw ML. Simulation study of a quasi-monochromatic beam for x-ray computed mammotomography. Med Phys. 2004 Apr;31(4):800-13. Abstract

Neitzel U, Günther-Kohfahl S, Borasi G, Samei E. Determination of the detective quantum efficiency of a digital x-ray detector: comparison of three evaluations using a common image data set. Med Phys. 2004 Aug;31(8):2205-11. Abstract

Samei E, Rowberg A, Avraham E, Cornelius C. Toward clinically relevant standardization of image quality. J Digit Imaging. 2004 Dec;17(4):271-8. Abstract

Samei E, Saunders RS, Lo JY, Dobbins JT 3rd, Jesneck JL, Floyd CE, Ravin CE. Fundamental imaging characteristics of a slot-scan digital chest radiographic system. Med Phys. 2004 Sep;31(9):2687-98. Abstract

Samei E, Seibert JA, Andriole K, Badano A, Crawford J, Reiner B, Flynn MJ, Chang P. AAPM/RSNA tutorial on equipment selection: PACS equipment overview: general guidelines for purchasing and acceptance testing of PACS equipment. Radiographics. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):313-34. Abstract

Samei E, Wright SL. Luminance and contrast performance of liquid crystal displays for mammographic applications. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2004 Oct;3(5):429-36. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E, Hoeschen C. Impact of resolution and noise characteristics of digital radiographic detectors on the detectability of lung nodules. Med Phys. 2004 Jun;31(6):1603-13. Abstract

Dobbins JT 3rd, Samei E, Chotas HG, Warp RJ, Baydush AH, Floyd CE Jr, Ravin CE. Chest radiography: optimization of X-ray spectrum for cesium iodide-amorphous silicon flat-panel detector. Radiology. 2003 Jan;226(1):221-30. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ, Peterson E, Eyler WR. Subtle lung nodules: influence of local anatomic variations on detection. Radiology. 2003 Jul;228(1):76-84. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ. An experimental comparison of detector performance for direct and indirect digital radiography systems. Med Phys. 2003 Apr;30(4):608-22. Abstract

Samei E, Hill JG, Frey GD, Southgate WM, Mah E, Delong D. Evaluation of a flat panel digital radiographic system for low-dose portable imaging of neonates. Med Phys. 2003 Apr;30(4):601-7. Abstract

Samei E. Image quality in two phosphor-based flat panel digital radiographic detectors. Med Phys. 2003 Jul;30(7):1747-57. Abstract

Saunders RS Jr, Samei E. A method for modifying the image quality parameters of digital radiographic images. Med Phys. 2003 Nov;30(11):3006-17. Abstract

Turner SR, Samei E, Hertzberg BS, DeLong DM, Vargas-Voracek R, Singer A, Maynor CH, Kliewer MA. Sonography of fetal choroid plexus cysts: detection depends on cyst size and gestational age. J Ultrasound Med. 2003 Nov;22(11):1219-27. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ. An experimental comparison of detector performance for computed radiography systems. Med Phys. 2002 Apr;29(4):447-59. Abstract

Mah E, Samei E, Peck DJ. Evaluation of a quality control phantom for digital chest radiography. J Appl Clin Med Phys. ;2(2):90-101. Abstract

Samei E, Seibert JA, Willis CE, Flynn MJ, Mah E, Junck KL. Performance evaluation of computed radiography systems. Med Phys. 2001 Mar;28(3):361-71. Abstract

Kearfott KJ, Han S, Wagner EC, Samei E, Wang CK. Numerical simulation of a TLD pulsed laser-heating scheme for determination of shallow dose and deep dose in low-LET radiation fields. Appl Radiat Isot. 2000 Jun;52(6):1419-29. Abstract

Ryan MT, Spicer KM, Frei-Lahr D, Samei E, Frey GD, Hargrove H, Bloodworth G. Health physics consequences of out-patient treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 131I-radiolabeled anti-B1 antibody. Health Phys. 2000 Nov;79(5 Suppl):S52-5. Abstract

Flynn MJ, Samei E. Experimental comparison of noise and resolution for 2k and 4k storage phosphor radiography systems. Med Phys. 1999 Aug;26(8):1612-23. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ, Eyler WR. Detection of subtle lung nodules: relative influence of quantum and anatomic noise on chest radiographs. Radiology. 1999 Dec;213(3):727-34. Abstract

Beute GH, Flynn MJ, Eyler WR, Samei E, Spizarny DL, Zylak CJ. Chest radiographic image quality: comparison of asymmetric screen-film, digital storage phosphor, and digital selenium drum systems--preliminary study. Radiographics. ;18(3):745-54. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ, Reimann DA. A method for measuring the presampled MTF of digital radiographic systems using an edge test device. Med Phys. 1998 Jan;25(1):102-13. Abstract

Samei E, Flynn MJ, Eyler WR. Simulation of subtle lung nodules in projection chest radiography. Radiology. 1997 Jan;202(1):117-24. Abstract

Kearfott KJ, Han S, McMahan KL, Samei E. Sensitivity of a mixed field dosimetry algorithm to uncertainties in thermoluminescent element readings. Health Phys. 1995 Mar;68(3):340-9. Abstract

Samei E, Kearfott KJ. A limited bibliography of the Federal Government-funded human radiation experiments. Health Phys. 1995 Dec;69(6):885-91. Abstract